How Cannabis Oils React When Absorbed in the Human Body

Cannabis oils have gained immense popularity as a versatile and potent way to harness the benefits of cannabis. From pain management to relaxation, these oils are often praised for their effectiveness. But have you ever wondered how they work once they’re absorbed into the human body? Here’s a detailed look at the journey cannabis oils take and how they interact with the body.

Understanding Cannabis Oils

Cannabis oils are concentrated extracts derived from the cannabis plant. These oils contain cannabinoids, such as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), which are the primary active compounds responsible for the therapeutic and psychoactive effects. Other components, including terpenes and flavonoids, can also contribute to the oil’s effects, creating an “entourage effect.”

The Absorption Process

Cannabis oils can be absorbed into the body through several methods, such as sublingual application, oral ingestion, or topical application. The method of administration plays a crucial role in determining how the oil is absorbed and how quickly its effects are felt.

1. Sublingual Absorption:
   • When cannabis oil is placed under the tongue, it is absorbed through the mucous membranes and enters the bloodstream directly.
   • This method bypasses the digestive system and liver, leading to faster onset of effects—usually within 15 to 30 minutes.
   • Sublingual absorption is often preferred for its quick action and high bioavailability, meaning more of the active compounds reach systemic circulation.
2. Oral Ingestion:
   • When consumed in edibles or capsules, cannabis oils are processed through the digestive system.
   • In the liver, THC is metabolized into 11-hydroxy-THC, a more potent compound that can result in stronger and longer-lasting effects.
   • This method has a slower onset, typically taking 1 to 2 hours for effects to kick in, but the effects can last much longer.
3. Topical Application:
   • Cannabis oils applied to the skin interact with local cannabinoid receptors without entering the bloodstream.
   • This method is ideal for localized relief from pain or inflammation and does not produce psychoactive effects.

How Cannabinoids Interact with the Endocannabinoid System

Once absorbed, the cannabinoids in cannabis oils interact with the endocannabinoid system (ECS), a complex network of receptors, enzymes, and endocannabinoids found throughout the body. The ECS helps regulate various physiological processes, including mood, pain perception, immune response, and appetite.

1. THC binds primarily to CB1 receptors, which are abundant in the brain and central nervous system. This interaction produces the euphoric “high” associated with cannabis and can also help alleviate pain, nausea, and anxiety.
2. CBD, on the other hand, does not directly bind to CB1 or CB2 receptors but modulates their activity. It also interacts with other receptors, such as serotonin and TRPV1 receptors, contributing to its calming, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties.

Factors Affecting Absorption and Effects

Several factors can influence how cannabis oils are absorbed and how they react in the body:

• Metabolism: Individuals with faster metabolisms may experience quicker effects.
• Body Fat: Cannabinoids are lipophilic, meaning they bind to fat cells. Higher body fat may affect how long cannabinoids stay in the system.
• Dosage and Concentration: The potency of the oil and the amount consumed directly impact the intensity and duration of effects.
• Tolerance: Regular cannabis users may require higher doses to achieve the same effects due to tolerance.

Safety and Considerations

While cannabis oils offer numerous benefits, they must be used responsibly:

• Start with a low dose, especially if you’re new to cannabis.
• Consult a healthcare professional if you’re using cannabis oils for medical purposes or if you take other medications, as cannabinoids can interact with certain drugs.
• Ensure that the oils you use are from reputable sources and have been tested for purity and potency.

What we know now

Cannabis oils work by interacting with the body’s endocannabinoid system, offering a range of therapeutic effects. The way they are absorbed—whether sublingually, orally, or topically—plays a critical role in their efficacy and onset of action. Understanding these processes can help users make informed decisions about how to incorporate cannabis oils into their wellness routines.

Whether you’re seeking pain relief, stress reduction, or general well-being, knowing how cannabis oils work in the body is key to maximizing their benefits safely and effectively.